COMSKI Chapter 1: Sentences

Types of Sentences:

1. Declarative - Tell something and ends with a period

2. Interrogative - Ask with a question and ends with a question mark

3. Exclamatory - Expresses strong feelings

4. Imperative - Command, order, or a polite request

Sentence Part:

1. Subject - what whom the subject is about

2. Predicate - tells what the subject does

Example: The young lady speaks softly

Subj: The Young Lady

Pred: Speaks softly

Complete subject - can be several words or only one word; It always contains one important or main word wc is a noun or a pronoun

Simple Subjects - usually a one word / noun or pronoun

Example:

The diligent students attend their classes regularly

CS: The diligent students

SS: students

Types of Predicates:

Simple predicates - always the verb or verbs that links up with the subject

Complete predicate

SP - attend

CP- attend their classes regularly

Compound subjects and Compound predicates


Sentences Structures:

a. Simple
b. Compound
c. Complex
d. Compound-Complex


Sentences Structure refers to a kinds and number of clauses a sentence has.

Clause - group of words with subj or predicate it could be dependent or independent.

Dependent Clause - no complete thought

Independent Clause - clause with complete thought

• It has subject
• verb
• Complete thought

Simple sentence has one independent clause

Example: Shiela likes to sing in class

Compound sentence- has two independent clauses

Example : Ivan went home early, but he forgot his room keyss

COORDINATING CONJUCTIONS

• F-or
• A-nd
• N-or
• B-ut
• O-r
• Y-et
• S-o

Uses of conjunctions

FOR: to express reasons or causes

Eg: Marinelle delivered her speech very well, for she practised seriously.

AND - Show addition

eg: Charlotte stays in the province, and she enjoys her life there.

NOR - to make second choice negative

eg: That is not what he wants to say, nor you should take that against him.

BUT - to express contrasting data

e.g: The road is newly constructed but it is not passable.

OR - to indicate a choice

e.g. Aiza explains the procedure to the teacher, or Gemma does it for her.

YET- to contracts or to express an element of distinctiveness

e.g. Jona plays badminton so well, yet her favorite sport is volleyball

SO- to express result

e.g: Thomas reviewed seriously, so he passed the test.

HOW to combine clauses and sentences together

• Comma+conjunction
• Semicolon
• Period+capital letter

Complex sentences- contain one main and one dependent or subordinate clause

Subordinating conjunctions

Compound complex sentences contain at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Example: I love riding my bike, and I just bought a new pedal since it is already worn out.

First independent clause: I love riding my bike
Second independent clause: I bought a new pedal
Connector: Comma+and
word introduces dependent clause: Since

TOPIC: Subordinate clauses

Main clause - independent clause or a clause that consist a complete thought

Subordinate clause is also called an dependent clause, it needs the main clause to complete the thought.

Adding subordinating conj before the subj will make your independent clause dep.

Three kinds of subordinate clauses:

1. Adjective clause - decribed noun or a pro in the main clause of the complex sentence.
2. Adverb clause - may add info about the verb in the main clause
3. Noun clause - subordinate clause use as a noun

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE:

Adj clause introduced by a relative pronoun

When to use relative pronoun

It can begin with when or where.



ADVERB CLAUSE:

Tells How, when, where, why, or under what conditions the action occurs.

SUb conjunctions for adverb clause

Examples:

NOUN CLAUSE - is a subordinate clause used as a noun. Notice how the noun in dark type in the sentence below can be replaced by a noun clause

eg: Whoever uses a motorcycle rides for fun.

eg: Marizz says that she likes a motorcycle.

When an adverb clause introduce in noun clause, we add comma.

When price rise, many people hoard goods.