Nature of the Teaching-Learning Process

The Teaching Process

Plan -> Implement --> Evaluate-> OK

If not OK

Feedback and reflection-> Implement-> Evaluate

1. Planning Phase:

• needs of learner
• achievable goals and objectives to meet the needs
• selection of content
• motivation to carry out the goal
• fitted strategies to carry out goals
• evaluation process to measure the learning outcome

Considerations:

• learner
• materials
• time for activity
• strategy
• teacher

2. Implementation Phase

• put the plan into action
• use of different teaching styles

3. Evaluation Phase

• Realize if the learning objectives is attained

Good Teaching

• well planned and activities are interrelated
• provide learning experiences that will ensure understanding, application, and critical thinking based on theories of learning
• learners are stimulated to think and reason
• integrate prior learning to new ones
• governed by democratic principle
• embeds a sound eval process
• change learners behavior
• can be intentional or unintentional

Types of Learning Theories

Behavioral Learning theory

• If the learner changed behavior, learning takes place
• observable behavior such as new skills, knowledge, or attitudes
• observable and measurable

Cognitive Learning Theories

• learners unobservable mental processes are used to learn and remember new info and skill
• meaningful learning

Discovery Learning Theories ( Jerome Bruner)

• learners learn from their own discovery
• learners are inherently curious
• self-learning

Reception learning ( David Ausubel)

• students need external motivation to learn

EVENTS OF LEARNING

1. Gain Attention

2. Provide learning objectives

3. Stimulate recall of prior knowledge

4. Present the material

5. Provide guidance for learning

6. Elicit performance

7. Provide feedback

8. Assess performance

9. Enhance retention and transfer

Ways of Teaching and Learning Categories

Larger group - lecture, expository, panel discussion, seminar, forum, demonstration, lecture-demo

Smaller groups- role-playing, buzz session, workshop, process approach, discovery learning, cooperative learning. 

Individual Learning - modular, e-teaching, programmed instruction

Traditional Teaching Methods:

• Inductive method - let student notice concept, teachers give a few examples so students can see how a concept is used. (teacher centered)
• Deductive method- teacher gives concept, student practice using the concept( discovery learning)
• Project method-children solve a particular problem over a period of time. Students engage in problem by hearts and mind. 
• laboratory method-hand experiences regarding materials and facts obtained from investigation
• Q and A Socratic method-dialogue between student and teacher. teacher ask probing questions to assess learning
• lecture method-teacher acts a primary info giver.

Improved Teaching Method:

• integrative technique-incorporates multiple subjects. goal is to let students incorporate set of skills.
• discovery approach- students find solutions on their own. 
• mastery learning-student master the concept before moving on to the next
• programmed instruction-researched based system
• e-learning- learning conducted via internet
• case-based teaching-students read and discuss complex, relal-life scenarios that call their analytical thinking skills
• cooperative teaching-collaboration and communication among all members of the team